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Zhang Yan

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Zhang Yan raised troops in Hongnong late in the Eastern Han, backed Gao Gan, then was defeated by Jia Kui and beheaded by Zhang Ji.

History in 2 vols. of the Records · Not in the Romance

In the sources

Where the books name Zhang Yan

  • History · vol. 13Records of the Three Kingdoms

    …其後河東衞固作亂,與張晟、張琰及高幹等並爲寇,繇又率諸將討破之。…
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    時關中諸將馬騰、韓遂等,各擁彊兵相與爭。太祖方有事山東,以關右爲憂。乃表繇以侍中守司隷校尉,持節督關中諸軍,委之以後事,特使不拘科制。繇至長安,移書騰、遂等,爲陳禍福,騰、遂各遣子入侍。太祖在官渡,與袁紹相持,繇送馬二千餘匹給軍。太祖與繇書曰:「得所送馬,甚應其急。關右平定,朝廷無西顧之憂,足下之勳也。昔蕭何鎮守關中,足食成軍,亦適當爾。」其後匈奴單于作亂平陽,繇帥諸軍圍之,未拔;而袁尚所置河東太守郭援到河東,衆甚盛。諸將議欲釋之去,繇曰:「袁氏方彊,援之來,關中陰與之通,所以未悉叛者,顧吾威名故耳。若棄而去,示之以弱,所在之民,誰非寇讎?縱吾欲歸,其得至乎!此爲未戰先自敗也。且援剛愎好勝,必易吾軍,若渡汾爲營,及其未濟擊之,可大克也。」張旣說馬騰會擊援,騰遣子超將精兵逆之。援至,果輕渡汾,衆止之,不從。濟水未半,擊,大破之,〈司馬彪《戰略》曰:袁尚遣高幹、郭援將兵數萬人,與匈奴單于寇河東,遣使與馬騰、韓遂等連和,騰等陰許之。傅幹說騰曰:「古人有言『順道者昌,逆德者亡』。曹公奉天子誅暴亂,法明國治,上下用命,有義必賞,無義必罰,可謂順道矣。袁氏背王命,驅胡虜以陵中國,寬而多忌,仁而無斷,兵雖彊,實失天下心,可謂逆德矣。今將軍旣事有道,不盡其力,陰懷兩端,欲以坐觀成敗,吾恐成敗旣定,奉辭責罪,將軍先爲誅首矣。」於是騰懼。幹曰:「智者轉禍爲福。今曹公與袁氏相持,而高幹、郭援獨制河東,曹公雖有萬全之計,不能禁河東之不危也。將軍誠能引兵討援,內外擊之,其勢必舉。是將軍一舉,斷袁氏之臂,解一方之急,曹公必重德將軍。將軍功名,竹帛不能盡載也。唯將軍審所擇!」騰曰:「敬從教。」於是遣子超將精兵萬餘人,并將遂等兵,與繇會擊援等,大破之。〉斬援,降單于。語在《旣傳》。其後河東衞固作亂,與張晟、張琰及高幹等並爲寇,繇又率諸將討破之。〈《魏略》曰:詔徵河東太守王邑。邑以天下未定,心不願徵,而吏民亦戀邑,郡掾衞固及中郎將范先等各詣繇求乞邑。而詔已拜杜畿爲太守,畿已入界。繇不聽先等,促邑交符。邑佩印綬,徑從河北詣許自歸。繇時治在洛陽,自以威禁失督司之法,乃上書自劾曰:「臣前上言故鎮北將軍領河東太守安陽亭侯王邑巧辟治官,犯突科條,事當推劾,檢實姦詐。被詔書當如所糾。以其歸罪,故加寬赦。又臣上言吏民大小,各懷顧望,謂邑當還,拒太守杜畿,今皆反悔,共迎畿之官。謹按文書,臣以空虛,被蒙拔擢,入充近侍,兼典機衡,忝膺重任,總統偏方。旣無德政以惠民物,又無威刑以檢不恪,至使邑違犯詔書,郡掾衞固誑迫吏民,訟訴之言,交驛道路,漸失其禮,不虔王命。今雖反悔,醜聲流聞,咎皆由繇威刑不攝。臣又疾病,前後歷年,氣力日微,尸素重祿,曠廢職任,罪明法正。謹按侍中守司隷校尉東武亭侯鍾繇,幸得蒙恩,以斗筲之才,仍見拔擢,顯從近密,銜命督使。明知詔書深疾長吏政教寬弱,檢下無刑,乆病淹滯,衆職荒頓,法令失張。邑雖違科,當必繩正法,旣舉文書,操彈失禮,至乃使邑遠詣闕廷。隳忝使命,挫傷爪牙。而固誑迫吏民,拒畿連月,今雖反悔,犯順失正,海內兇赫,罪一由繇威刑闇弱。又繇乆病,不任所職,非繇大臣當所宜爲。繇輕慢憲度,不畏詔令,不與國同心,爲臣不忠,無所畏忌,大爲不敬。又不承用詔書,奉詔不謹。又聦明蔽塞,爲下所欺,弱不勝任。數罪謹以劾,臣請法車徵詣廷尉治繇罪,大鴻臚削爵土。臣乆嬰篤疾,涉夏盛劇,命縣呼吸,不任部官。輙以文書付功曹從事馬適議,免冠徒跣,伏須罪誅。」詔不聽。〉自天子西遷,洛陽人民單盡,繇徙關中民,又招納亡叛以充之,數年間民戶稍實。太祖征關中,得以爲資,表繇爲前軍師。

  • History · vol. 15Records of the Three Kingdoms

    …河內張晟衆萬餘人無所屬,冦崤、澠閒,河東衞固、弘農張琰各起兵以應之。…
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    〈《魏略》曰:旣世單家富,為人有容儀。少小工書疏,為郡門下小吏,而家富。自惟門寒,念無以自達,乃常畜好刀筆及版奏,伺諸大吏有乏者輒給與,以是見識焉。〉後歷右職,舉孝廉,不行。太祖為司空,辟,未至,舉茂才,除新豐令,治為三輔第一。袁尚拒太祖於黎陽,遣所置河東太守郭援、並州刺史高幹及匈奴單于取平陽,發使西與關中諸將合從。司隷校尉鍾繇遣旣說將軍馬騰等,旣為言利害,騰等從之。騰遣子超將兵萬餘人,與繇會擊幹、援,大破之,斬援首。幹及單于皆降。其後幹復舉並州反。河內張晟衆萬餘人無所屬,冦崤、澠閒,河東衞固、弘農張琰各起兵以應之。太祖以旣為議郎,參繇軍事,使西徵諸將馬騰等,皆引兵會擊晟等,破之。斬琰、固首,幹奔荊州。封旣武始亭侯。

  • History · vol. 15Records of the Three Kingdoms

    …高幹之反,張琰將舉兵以应之。逵不知其谋,往見琰。聞變起,欲還,恐見執,乃爲琰画计,如與同谋者,琰信之。…
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    後舉茂才,除渑池令。高幹之反,張琰將舉兵以应之。逵不知其谋,往見琰。聞變起,欲還,恐見執,乃爲琰画计,如與同谋者,琰信之。時縣寄治蠡城,城堑不固,逵從琰求兵脩城。諸欲爲亂者皆不隐其谋,故逵得尽诛之。遂脩城拒琰。琰敗,逵以丧祖父去官,司徒辟爲掾,以議郎参司隶軍事。太祖征馬超,至弘农,曰「此西道之要」,以逵领弘农太守。召見计事,大悦之,謂左右曰:「使天下二千石悉如贾逵,吾何憂?」其後发兵,逵疑屯田都尉藏亡民。都尉自以不屬郡,言语不顺。逵怒,收之,數以罪,挝折脚,坐免。然太祖心善逵,以爲丞相主簿。〈《魏略》曰:太祖欲征吳而大霖雨,三軍多不原行。太祖知其然,恐外有谏者,教曰:「今孤戒严,未知所之,有谏者死。」逵受教,謂其同寮三主簿曰:「今實不可出,而教如此,不可不谏也。」乃建谏草以示三人,三人不获已,皆署名,入白事。太祖怒,收逵等。當送狱,取造意者,逵即言「我造意」,遂走詣狱。狱吏以逵主簿也,不即著械。謂狱吏曰:「促械我。尊者且疑我在近职,求缓於卿,今將遣人来察我。」逵著械適讫,而太祖果遣家中人就狱视逵。既而教曰:「逵無恶意,原復其职。」始,逵爲諸生,略览大義,取其可用。最好春秋左傳,及爲牧守,常自课读之,月常一遍。逵前在弘农,與典农校尉爭公事,不得理,乃发愤生瘿,後所病稍大,自启原欲令医割之。太祖惜逵忠,恐其不活,教「謝主簿,吾聞『十人割瘿九人死』」。逵猶行其意,而瘿愈大。逵本名衢,後改爲逵。〉太祖征刘備,先遣逵至斜谷觀形勢。道逢水衡,载囚人數十车,逵以軍事急,辄竟重者一人,皆放其餘。太祖善之,拜谏議大夫,與夏侯尚並掌軍计。太祖崩洛陽,逵典丧事。〈《魏略》曰:時太子在鄴,鄢陵侯未到,士民颇苦劳役,又有疾疠,於是軍中骚動。羣寮恐天下有變,欲不发丧。逵建議爲不可秘,乃发哀,令内外皆入临,临讫,各安叙不得動。而青州軍擅击鼓相引去。眾人以爲宜禁止之,不從者讨之。逵以爲「方大丧在殡,嗣王未立,宜因而抚之」。乃爲作長檄,告所在给其廪食。〉時鄢陵侯彰行越骑將軍,從長安来赴,問逵先王玺绶所在。逵正色曰:「太子在鄴,國有储副。先王玺绶,非君侯所宜問也。」遂奉梓宫還鄴。

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Zhang Yan was an insurrectionist in the Hongnong area in the late Eastern Han dynasty, appearing in historical accounts; he does not appear in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Deeds

  • When Gao Gan rebelled, Zhang Yan prepared to raise troops in support. Jia Kui initially knew nothing of his plans, but after hearing of the uprising, pretended to devise plans for him and gained his trust. Taking advantage of an opportunity to repair the city walls, Jia Kui eliminated those seeking to rebel, then repaired the walls and held off Zhang Yan. Zhang Yan was defeated and killed. (Recorded in historical sources)
  • When Wei Gu of Hedong rebelled, Zhang Yan joined Wei Gu, Zhang Sheng, Gao Gan, and others in banditry. Zhong Yao led several generals to attack and defeat them. (Recorded in historical sources)
  • Zhang Ji was ordered to join forces with Ma Teng and others to campaign against Zhang Sheng and the rest. They defeated the opposing forces and beheaded Zhang Yan. (Recorded in historical sources)

Relations

  • Rose in support of Gao Gan
  • Joined Wei Gu, Zhang Sheng, and Gao Gan in banditry
  • Was repelled by Jia Kui and defeated
  • Was defeated and beheaded by forces led by Zhang Ji

Relationships

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Relation graph of Zhang YanJia KuiZhang Yan
  • Enemies
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Jia Kui

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Jia Kui

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