Zhang Xian
Zhang Xian, Changsha governor under Liu Biao, rebelled and backed Huan Jie against him, then died of illness.
In the sources
Where the books name Zhang Xian
History · vol. 6Records of the Three Kingdoms
…長沙太守張羨叛表，〈《英雄記》曰：張羨，南陽人。先作零陵、桂陽長，甚得江、湘間心，然性屈彊不順。…
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袁術之在南陽也，與孫堅合從，欲襲奪表州，使堅攻表。堅爲流矢所中死，軍敗，術遂不能勝表。李傕、郭汜入長安，欲連表爲援，乃以表爲鎮南將軍、荊州牧，封成武侯，假節。天子都許，表雖遣使貢獻，然北與袁紹相結。治中鄧羲諫表，表不聽，〈《漢晉春秋》曰：表荅羲曰：「內不失貢職，外不背盟主，此天下之達義也。治中獨何怪乎？」〉羲辭疾而退，終表之世。張濟引兵入荊州界，攻穰城，爲流矢所中死。荊州官屬皆賀，表曰：「濟以窮來，主人無禮，至於交鋒，此非牧意，牧受弔，不受賀也。」使人納其衆；衆聞之喜，遂服從。長沙太守張羨叛表，〈《英雄記》曰：張羨，南陽人。先作零陵、桂陽長，甚得江、湘間心，然性屈彊不順。表薄其爲人，不甚禮也。羨由是懷恨，遂叛表焉。〉表圍之連年不下。羨病死，長沙復立其子懌，表遂攻并懌，南收零、桂，北據漢川，地方數千里，帶甲十餘萬。〈《英雄記》曰：州界羣寇旣盡，表乃開立學官，博求儒士，使綦毋闓、宋忠等撰五經章句，謂之後定。〉
History · vol. 22Records of the Three Kingdoms
桓階字伯緒，長沙臨湘人也。〈魏书曰：阶祖父超，父胜，皆历典州郡。…
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桓階字伯緒，長沙臨湘人也。〈魏书曰：阶祖父超，父胜，皆历典州郡。胜为尚书，著名南方。〉仕郡功曹。太守孫堅舉階孝廉，除尚書郎。父喪還鄉里。會堅擊劉表戰死，階冒難詣表乞堅喪，表義而與之。後太祖與袁紹相拒於官渡，表舉州以應紹。階說其太守張羡曰：「夫舉事而不本於義，未有不敗者也。故齊桓率諸侯以尊周，晉文逐叔帶以納王。今袁氏反此，而劉牧應之，取禍之道也。明府必欲立功明義，全福遠禍，不宜與之同也。」羡曰：「然則何向而可？」階曰：「曹公雖弱，仗義而起，救朝廷之危，奉王命而討有罪，孰敢不服？今若舉四郡保三江以待其來，而爲之内應，不亦可乎！」羡曰：「善。」乃舉長沙及旁三郡以拒表，遣使詣太祖。太祖大悦。會紹與太祖連戰，軍未得南。而表急攻羡，羡病死。城陷，階遂自匿。久之，劉表辟爲從事祭酒，欲妻以妻妹蔡氏。階自陳已結婚，拒而不受，因辭疾告退。
On the boards
Where this person ranks on each board.
Zhang Xian was the Administrator of Changsha under Liu Biao, appearing in relevant accounts in the Records of the Three Kingdoms; he does not appear in the Romance.
Deeds
- Zhang Xian was from Nanyang and once served as Chief of Lingling and Guiyang. He was well regarded among the people of the Jiang and Xiang regions. Stubborn and unwilling to submit, he was looked down on by Liu Biao, who treated him with little courtesy. Zhang Xian therefore grew resentful and rebelled against Liu Biao. (According to historical records)
- Liu Biao besieged Zhang Xian but failed to take the city for years. After Zhang Xian died of illness, Changsha raised his son Zhang Yi as their leader; Liu Biao then attacked and annexed Zhang Yi’s territory. (According to historical records)
- During the Battle of Guandu, Huan Jie urged Zhang Xian to lead Changsha and the three neighboring commanderies in resisting Liu Biao, and to send an envoy to submit to Cao Cao. Zhang Xian accepted his advice. Liu Biao launched a fierce attack, and Zhang Xian died of illness. (According to historical records)
Relationships
Lines
- 史 ch.22 §3→ Huan Jie
「然則何向而可？」
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Zhang Yi
Kin
Relationship timeline1 entry ▸
History · vol. 22
- Cao Cao§3
Lord
raised Changsha and the three neighboring commanderies in resistance to Liu Biao, and sent an envoy to Cao Cao